Article: Portugal’s Cannabis Crisis: A Warning Signal for Europe? | Cannabis Law Report | How to buy Skittles Moonrock online

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Jakub Horak has published the following piece to linked in

Portugal has long held a strategic position in Europe’s medical cannabis landscape. With its favourable climate, low production costs, and an investor-friendly regulatory environment, the country became a leading exporter of cannabis-based products across the European Union. Licensing has been generous, and production volumes have grown rapidly, yet beneath the surface, weak oversight mechanisms have left the system vulnerable.

In May 2025, the credibility of Portugal’s cannabis sector was deeply shaken by Operation Erva Daninha, a nationwide investigation led by the Portuguese judicial police (PJ). Authorities executed 64 search warrants, arrested four individuals, and seized over 7.3 tonnes of cannabis along with €400,000 in cash. The investigation revealed that several licensed operators had allegedly diverted cannabis into illegal channels, primarily in the form of hashish, despite being authorized exclusively for medical production. This exposed significant regulatory blind spots in the supervision carried out by INFARMED, Portugal’s health authority.

Critics argue that INFARMED issued a high number of licenses without establishing robust enforcement or inspection protocols. As a result, some companies were able to operate in ways that directly undermine the legitimacy of the medical cannabis framework, both nationally and at the European level. While Portugal has emerged as a major exporter, particularly to Germany and Poland, its domestic market remains weak. Few doctors prescribe cannabis, patients face administrative hurdles, and cannabinoid therapies are still marginal within the healthcare system.

Cross-Border Consequences and the Role of Central Europe

The implications of this scandal reach far beyond Portugal. In Germany, the largest medical cannabis market in Europe, importers are likely to review their sourcing arrangements and demand stronger assurances of traceability and regulatory compliance. Trust is paramount in a pharmaceutical-grade supply chain, and even isolated breaches can have ripple effects across the continent.

This disruption could accelerate a shift in European supply chain strategy. One country in a particularly favourable position is the Czech Republic, which combines a stable regulatory framework with growing expertise in cannabis production. As a direct neighbour to Germany, it offers logistical advantages and geopolitical proximity to the EU’s largest market. With proper investment and clear compliance protocols, the Czech Republic could position itself as a reliable and transparent alternative to southern producers.

The Case for EU-Wide Reform

More broadly, this incident underscores the need for harmonized regulation across the European Union. Unlike conventional pharmaceuticals, medical cannabis currently operates under a patchwork of national frameworks with varying levels of oversight and quality control. The absence of common EU standards makes it difficult to ensure consistent safety, transparency, and accountability, especially as cross-border trade in cannabis products expands.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/portugals-cannabis-crisis-warning-signal-europe-jakub-horak-qwdbf/