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These countries are not perfect, but many other jurisdictions now argue that North America has become the source of this problem. This is especially true with cannabis.
MEMORANDUM TO THE SECRETARY of STATE
SUBJECT : Presidential Determination of Major Drug Transit or Major Ilicit Drug Producing Country for Fiscal Year 2025
According to the authority granted to me by the Constitution and laws of the United States (including section 706(1) of Public Law 107-228), I hereby designate the following countries as major illicit drug producing or transit countries (including those that are a direct source of significant precursor chemicals used in the manufacture of certain drugs and substances that significantly affect the United States) : Afghanistan, The Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Burma, the People’s Republic of China, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic
The presence of a country on the list does not necessarily reflect the government’s efforts to combat drugs or the level of cooperation between the United States and that country. The list does not constitute a sanction or a penalty. According to the definition of a major transit country for drugs or a major illicit drug producer as set forth in sections 481,e(2) and 481,e(5) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1962, as amended by Public Law 87-195, (FAA), countries are listed because of a combination of geographical, commercial and economic factors which allow drugs or precursor chemicals or both to be produced or transited, even if a nation has taken robust and diligent narcotics controls and law enforcement measures. The James M. Inhofe Fiscal Year 2023 National Defense Authorization Bill (Public Law 117-253) expanded the definition of major source countries for illicit drugs to include countries that produce precursor chemicals.
In accordance with section 706(2) (A) of FRAA, I hereby declare Bolivia, Burma and Venezuela to have failed to adhere to their international counternarcotics agreement obligations and to take the necessary measures as required by section 489.a)(1) of FAA. This determination includes justifications as required by section 706(2)(B) FRAA for the designations made against Bolivia, Burma and Venezuela. According to section 706(3) (A) of FRAA I have also determined that United States programs supporting Bolivia, Burma and Venezuela are vital for the national interests of the United States.
According to preliminary data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there will be an estimated 107.543 drug overdoses in the United States in 2023. This is a 3 percent decrease from the estimated 111.029 deaths in 2022. This is the first decrease in drug overdoses since 2018. It’s a sign of my Administration’s historic investment. Since 2020, federally funded State Opioid Response Grant programs have prevented over 600,000.000 potentially fatal overdoses. Nearly 10 million naloxone kit kits have been delivered. The Food and Drug Administration has taken steps to make Naloxone available over the counter for the first time. Our addiction professionals continue to grow and provide the essential prevention, harm reduction, recovery support, and treatment services that the American people require.
We are also taking unprecedented actions to disrupt the supply fentanyl and other deadly drugs as well as precursor chemicals. U.S. Customs and Border Protection has stopped more fentanyl in the last two years than it did in the previous five years combined. This has kept tens and millions of fentanyl laced pills and thousands and pounds of fentanyl dust away from our communities. CBP seized 1.2 billion doses fentanyl in 2023 alone. Over 442 million potentially deadly doses of fentanyl have been seized by US border agents in the last five months. In 2021, I issued an Executive Order that targeted foreigners involved in the illicit drug trade. Since then, more than 300 individuals and entities have been sanctioned under this authority and cut off from the financial system of the United States. The Department of Justice has arrested and prosecuted drug cartel leaders, money launderers, and drug traffickers.
We recognize that this is a global problem, which requires a coordinated response on a worldwide scale.
In July 2023, my Administration created a Global Coalition to combat the threat of synthetic drugs. This coalition includes more than 150 countries in every region. The number of countries participating in this group tripled over the past year, a sign that illicit synthetic drugs are being manufactured, abused, and consumed on every continent. I have also met with leaders around the world to encourage additional global action against synthetic opioids. I have negotiated the resumption bilateral counternarcotics collaboration with the PRC and established a Trilateral Fentanyl Committee along with the governments of Mexico and Canada.
The challenges we face today are more serious than ever before, but increased global awareness has led to enhanced international action. In March, the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs (UN) adopted a resolution sponsored by the United States on preventing overdoses and responding to them. This resolution aims to encourage international data collection and sharing of information on this issue which is still very personal to Americans. The Commission also voted for international controls to be placed on chemicals used in the manufacture of illicit fentanyl and MDMA. This will make it more difficult for trafficking networks that use these substances to create these dangerous synthetic drugs.
To effectively combat the fentanyl crisis and demolish the sophisticated criminal groups that use it for financial gain, it is essential to foster robust, long-term relationships with allies like Mexico. The U.S. – Mexico Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities provides the foundation for our efforts to protect people, prevent transborder crime, and pursue criminal organizations. Through trilateral mechanisms like the North American Drug Dialogue, the Trilateral Fentanyl Committee and increased collaboration on the control and prevention of precursor chemicals, the United States and Canada have strengthened their cooperation to address illicit drug manufacturing, advance public safety, and engage the private sector in combating the production of illicit synthesized drugs. Our security cooperation has resulted in significant interdiction efforts. In 2023, for example, canines donated by the United States helped seize more than 3,000,000 fentanyl tablets in Mexico. We will continue to work closely with Mexico in order to prevent the diversion and misuse of precursor chemicals, drug-related equipment, improve interdiction and criminal justice outcomes, disrupt illicit financing, advance border integration, and build public confidence in security and justice institutions.
South America has seen coca cultivation and production reach record levels, requiring urgent action from countries in the area. Colombia, a strong ally, continues to work with the United States in order to reduce cocaine production, conduct interdiction operations against drug smuggling, and dismantle criminal organizations involved in the cocaine trafficking. The United States’ assistance has led to an increase in interdictions. In 2023, the Colombian National Police seized more than 841 tons of pure cocaine or cocaine base — a 10% increase over the previous year. The new metrics agreed upon at the U.S. – Colombia High Level Dialogue, in May 2024, demonstrate our renewed commitment to a comprehensive approach to combating the production and trafficking cocaine, while also providing security, justice and licit economic opportunity for Colombia’s rural populations. We also collaborate to combat crimes which cause havoc to Colombia’s environment, and provide significant funding for criminal organizations including those involved with cocaine production and illegal mines. The United States has welcomed Colombia’s 10-year anti-drug strategy, which was released in 2023. They now urge the Colombian government resources it adequately and accelerates its implementation.
Peru is also a partner committed to reducing the production of cocaine and the trafficking in it. Our first High Level Dialogue, held in May 2024, marked a positive development in our bilateral cooperation in counternarcotics.
The Government of Bolivia has taken positive measures to combat coca cultivation. However, it needs to do more to protect the country’s licit markets from criminal exploitation. It must also reduce illicit coca production that continues to exceed the legal limits set by Bolivian laws for medical and tradition use.
Afghanistan’s cultivation of opium poppy for illicit opioids and methamphetamine production continues to demand global attention and action. Afghanistan has taken a number of steps to improve drug control and reduce the production of illicit methamphetamine and opioids in the past year, including by maintaining a ban on poppy farming and reforming drug policies. In each annual review, I will re-evaluate Afghanistan’s position to determine if it is meeting its international drug control obligations.
Since the Woodside Summit in November 2023 between President Biden & President Xi, the PRC and the United States have coordinated efforts to combat the global manufacture and trafficking illicit synthetic drugs including fentanyl. In the past year, the PRC has taken significant steps to reduce the flow of precursor chemicals to illicit drug manufacturers known to be trafficking illicit synthetic drugs into the United States, such as illicit illicit fentanyl. The PRC took a number of steps, including issuing a warning to the PRC’s chemical industry against illicit trade of precursor chemicals and pill presses; taking public law-enforcement actions against illicit precursor chemical providers; removing web advertisements; and scheduling 46 synthesized drugs that will be available on July 1, 2024. Some of these drugs were controlled internationally by UN. The United States and PRC launched the U.S. – PRC Counternarcotics Group, a valuable tool for sharing information with law enforcement, tackling illicit financing of illicit drug trafficking, and ensuring continuous coordination on shared challenges. It is important to note that sustained enforcement and regulation will be required to reduce the PRC’s significant role as a supplier of precursor chemicals used for the production, sale and trafficking illicit synthetic drugs that have a major impact on the United States.
You are authorized to submit to Congress this designation with the Bolivia, Burma and Venezuela memoranda for justification under section 706 FRAA and to publish the determination in the Federal Register.
JOSEPH R. JR.
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